Newton’s first law of relativity, “absent an obstacle in motion the force acting will be equal to the force acting without an obstacle” is often quoted as a motto or a rule of thumb. It is also often used as a reference or guide in science experiments. The reason for this being that it does describe a fundamental law of physics, and is therefore a key principle observe in science today. It shows how the relationship between mass and force is formulated by observation.
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To explain this law using an example, let us take a look at a boat and the force of wind on it. The direction of the wind depends on factors like surface wind and the velocity of the air, the height of the water, and many other factors. The amount of force that is exerted on a body due to wind depends on the total weight of the boat.
This means that the heavier the boat, the stronger its resistance to the wind. As the boat moves with the wind in the wind, the force of gravity pulls it down. And since the second law of Newton has it that the force of gravity is always constant, the amount of force needed to move a body from point A to point B is also constant. The amount of force required would depend on the mass of the body and the distance the body has to travel. In simpler terms, we can say that the stronger the boat is, the greater the force required to keep it afloat.
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Now, if we apply the second law of Newton to the example just described, we find that the total weight of the boat is equal to the force of gravity times the distance the boat has to travel. Therefore, the amount of force needed to make the boat move is equal to the weight of the surrounding water multiplied by the square of the distance traveled. Applying this same logic to the third law of Newton, the force needed to make a floating object float is equal to the weight of the surrounding water times the square of the distance traveled. Therefore, the third law of Newton explains how buoyancy works.
To better understand what happens to a boat as it moves through water, we must know how to drag works. Drag is the force that acts upon an object when it is being moved and is caused by an uneven surface. When two objects are moving through the water, their drag will cause them to skim against each other and cause the water to dip or sink. This causes the boat to be lifted off the water.
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Since the drag force acts only at a specific angle with respect to the direction of motion, the angle of attack for the boat and the drag is given by the formula: the slope of the water’s surface times the velocity of the boat per unit of time. In the example, if the boat is moving toward the boat on an angle, then the drag will cause the boat to deflect to one side. If the boat is moving away from the boat, the drag will cause the boat to deviate from the desired direction. This is similar to the way the air molecules push on an airplane as it moves along.
A simple solution to this problem is to understand the concept of buoyancy. In a similar way to air resistance, the flow of air over a body can alter its position relative to that body. In the case of the boat, the air flowing over it will increase its buoyancy and cause the boat to move with the stream of air. The more air flowing over the boat, the greater its buoyancy and the greater the speed at which it moves.
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The second law of Newtonian mechanics, the conservation of momentum, also has much to do with buoyancy. It shows that an item’s weight will always remain constant unless some external force acts to reduce its weight. The external force is usually described as gravity. Therefore, when a boat is dragged by another boat, the difference in their relative weights will cause the boat’s weight to decrease or gain.
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